Contracts | Brad Wright

27 12, 2022

Principles can be expensive..
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Principles can be expensive..

December 27th, 2022|

Creative Smiles Pty Ltd & Anor v Ekera Dental Pty Ltd & Anor [2022] VCC 2281 This material is intended to provide observations and general information only . This case

16 10, 2021

Reviewing Contracts – the Basics
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Reviewing Contracts – the Basics

October 16th, 2021|

Dentists are engaged often by independent contractor agreements and service and facility agreements. There is no such thing as a perfect agreement, well….. not from the perspective of both

12 07, 2020

SIGN OR ELSE (!)

July 12th, 2020|

Often I am asked to deal with contracts presented to dentists- as employees independent contractors or service and facility users. To review the contracts and advise relies on

18 02, 2016

Contracts and Restraint: A paper

February 18th, 2016|

I recently gave a paper on this in New Zealand. It is worth reading if you work in private practice. Current Issues with Contractors in Health Practice- Contractors or Employees

5 12, 2014

Contract Dispute

December 5th, 2014|

Theories Pty Ltd v Holt and Another [2014] NTSC 40 In a recent decision in September 2014, the Supreme Court of Northern Territory delivered judgement in relation to a

16 07, 2014

Template Contract not signed ? No chance…

July 16th, 2014|

Brunswick Family Dental Pty Ltd v Enegd [2014] VSC 325 Recently, an interesting case was decided in relation to an injunction in Victoria. The matter before the Court concerned

Brad Wright - Barrister

1 month ago

Current considerations around health practitioner liability continue to develop.Dental practitioners can be liable for the personal injuries that patients might allege against them for dental treatment. In simple terms patients can sue their treating practitioner for failed dental treatment and has been the case in common law since time immemorial. Practitioners are required to have Indemnity insurance in place personally for these purposes as one of the AHPRA registration standards.However, in recent times because of the development of more and more group practices, patients may seek to sue the practice in addition to the dentist to provided them the treatment. This arises because patients usually receive an invoice with the practice facility name on it as well as the name of the practitioner who provided the actual dental treatment. This risk can be insure with most of the indemnifiers.It is understandable therefore that patients might view their contract as having been with the practice rather than the dental practitioner who provided the treatment. Depending on how the case is pleaded, this may mean that the practice is alleged to have a liability because of some of the processes that the practice is responsible for in addition to assertions of oversight and vicarious liability which may or may not be evidence. In plain language this means that owners of dental practices are at risk of suit from patients for the personal injuries for negligent dental treatment as alleged by dentists who work at the practice and invoice through the practice.In addition where multiple practitioners treat a patient over a period of time within a practice, a patient might quite reasonably commence action against all of the practitioners who have provided treatment to the patient as well as the practice itself and the directors of the practice entity.In such cases the issue of proportionate liability arises.The Victorian Civil Juries Charge Book states at 2.1.9 in relation to apportionment that“You would need to consider, in deciding to what extent it was just and equitable that one defendant should recover contribution from the other, the extent to which each defendant, in your judgment, fell short of taking that care for the plaintiff which it should have taken in all the circumstances. In considering that matter, it would be appropriate to take into account whether, in your view, one defendant had greater control over the situation than the other. You would also need to consider, in deciding that matter, the importance of the conduct of each defendant in causing the accident and the plaintiff’s injuries…”In the circumstances there are a number of mechanisms which are appropriate for practice owners to reduce their risk in the circumstances and this can be done by way of the agreements that the practice has with the patients and with the dentist who they engaged. If this is a concern then these practice practices should seek appropriate legal advice about these protections.Somewhat more problematic and difficult to prevent is the issue of regulator action against practitioners who were only minimally involved in the treatment of a practitioner and this can be because of the practice ownership being perceived to be part of the treatment.As is well known anyone can complain about the treatment provided and the conduct by any practitioner at any time. Often, dissatisfied patients will complain about the practice and the communications of the staff as well as about the dentist who provided the actual treatment.Then issues of shared care responsibility arise. The Dental Board Code of Conduct has a shared care provision including the followingGood practice includes that you:a. take reasonable steps to ensure that any person to whom you delegate, refer or hand over to has the qualifications and/or experience and/or knowledge and/or skills to provide the care neededb. understand that, although as delegating practitioner you will not be accountable for the decisions and actions of those to whom you delegate, you remain responsible for the overall management of the patient and for the decision to delegate, andc. always communicate sufficient, timely information about the patient and the treatment needed to enable the continuing safe care of the patient.However practice owners are at some risk of being involved in patient complaints in matters connected to treatment such as patient recalls communications with patients and even infection control.It is prudent for practice owners particularly to review these processes and minimise their risk by way of clear communications and policies.Consider:Indemnities in service agreements or independent contracts.Insurance cover for engaged dentists and the corporate who owns the practicePatient Consent forms including an explanation of practice arrangements.Consistent policies and reviews of communications with patients about these issues.Brad WrightMay 2025This short article is not intended as legal advice and is for general information only. Any practitioners who consider the issues arise in this article that give them any concern should seek independent legal advice from an appropriately qualified legal practitioner.Liability limited by a Scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. ... See MoreSee Less

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Brad Wright - Barrister

4 months ago

𝗗𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗖𝗕𝗩𝗧/𝗖𝗕𝗖𝗧 𝗥𝗶𝘀𝗸 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁It is generally accepted that dentists recording CBVT- particularly large volume CBVT datasets- have responsibility for the interpretation of all data, not just the area of interest. (Dentists who record OPG radiographs must take responsibility for all non-dental diagnosis from such images or alternatively have them assessed on referral by an oral radiologist or medical radiologist and include this cost in their estimate of fees to the patient (see Aust Dent J2012 Mar:57 Suppl 1:9-15. doi: 10.1111j.1834-7819.2011.01653.x.)Practitioners frequently use a CBVT dataset to ’construct’ an OPG.If this construction is based on a full volume dataset, it is arguable that there may be pathology not detected by a general dentist who has training for the use of machine that they use.In Western Australia, Section 36 of the Radiation Safety Act 1975 provides for the Radiological Council to impose conditions, restrictions or limitations on a licence, exemption, or registration. In Western Australia, the standard condition of registration for the purpose of Radiology – Dental, requires that: “as soon as practicable, all CBCT images are reported on by an Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency registered medical radiologist or dento-maxillofacial radiologist”. It is probably therefore prudent, if not a legal requirement, in other states that practitioners recording CBVT data sets give consideration to having all of the datasets reviewed by an appropriate radiologist to reduce a failure to diagnose risk. Such reports would then need to be communicated to the patients as a matter of course. ... See MoreSee Less

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Brad Wright - Barrister

5 months ago

In some recent work I had cause to consider radiology in dental practice. I had an interest in this through practice and an article I wrote when I first went to the bar in 2011. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22376092/I still see references to the ALARA principle - meaning as low as reasonably achievable.That is no longer relevant in Australian health practice at least in relation to diagnostic radiology.That phrase is no longer used in the code for diagnostic medical / dental radiology under Justification or Optimisation. The phrase ALARA references the superseded 2008 Code.See here for the 2019 code. www.arpansa.gov.au/sites/default/files/medical-exposure-code-rps-c-5.pdf The new code specifies as to optimisation:2.2.2 OptimisationOptimisation of protection is maximising the benefit-risk ratio of a medical exposure for that patient.Radiation exposure must be minimised yet still sufficient to fulfil the clinical objective of the procedure, with account taken of relevant norms of acceptable image quality or therapeutic efficacy. Special attention is required for exposures of paediatric patients, for individuals undergoing health screening, for volunteersin medical research and where a fetus or breastfed infant may receive an incidental exposure.Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs), which give an indication of levels of doses to patients for common procedures, are one method that can be used as an optimisation tool in medical imaging. Their purpose is to raise awareness of patient doses and prompt medical radiation facilities administering doses greater than the reference levels to review procedures and revise or justify as appropriate.This justification is now a three tier process.See here for the 2019 code. www.arpansa.gov.au/sites/default/files/medical-exposure-code-rps-c-5.pdf ... See MoreSee Less

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